Throughout my travels across Europe, I hadn't found any city which, on a whole, left as much of an impression on me as London had. Granted, London isn't the most beautiful city I've seen, nor the cleanest, but one I fell in love with regardless. It was the buzz in the city that I enjoyed, along with the chaos and the sheer number of people from all corners of the globe. Nevertheless, London, for me at least, has found it's match in Berlin!
I found Berlin to be a truly amazing city not only for its history but also its culture, atmosphere, variety and of course the nightlife! It should be no wonder then that my blogging seemed to stop and I'm now having to play catch up!
The history of Berlin is shaped by a series of dramatic events as we all know and of which you are constantly reminded when there. It was in Berlin that Hitler came to power in 1933 and met his own death via suicide after forever tainting Germany's history and creating some of the most indescribeable horrors that the world has seen. At the end of World War II, Germany was defeated and Berlin in ruins. The dawn of the Cold War then saw Germany and Berlin divided into east and west. This division was reinforced in the most extreme way possible by the creation of the concrete border which not only encircled East Berlin, but also East Germany (GDR).
Given my interest in WWII and the Cold War, I enjoyed not only walking through the city, but also visiting the different museums and monuments relating to those periods (and it was a nice change from the art galleries and churches I seem to keep visiting in my travels!)
One of the most significant buildings in Berlin is the Reichstag which is the house of parliament. I braved the crowds and had a look at the dome of the Reichstag. The Reichstag itself is a building which, like many aspects of Belrin, has seen its fair share of controversy. It was set secretely alight by the Nazis in 1932 who blamed it on the Communists and used the fire to gain political advantage through the creation of fear which ultimately saw Hitler attaining full power. When the Russian's took over Berlin at the end of WWII, the total defeat of Germany and the end of the war in Europe could not have been more dramatically signified than when Russian soldiers hoisted the Russian flag on top of the Reichstag. After Germany was reunited, the Reichstag was renovated and the Parliament again returned to Berlin.
What draws the crowds to the Reichstag these days is the huge glass dome that was installed as part of the renovations. Regardless of whether it rain, hails or shines, you normally have to wait for about 1.5 hours to get inside (not much fun in the best weather, but unfortunately I managed to pick the coldest day I experienced in Berlin for this adventure!)

After the Dome was finished some people criticsed it as not fitting in with the rest of the building but I quite liked the dramatic difference between the building and the dome. You can walk up a series of ramps inside the dome to have an amazing view over Berlin and the Brandenburg Gate. Also, when inside the dome, the inverted pyramid made of glass and mirrors is also fascinating to look at...

Just near the Reichstag is the Brandenburg Gate. During the period of the Berlin wall, the wall stretched along just in front of the gate which meant that it was left standing in no man's land with neither east nor west Berliners being able to reach it. Now, it's impossible to get a picture of it without a large number of tourists also being in the shot. I thought it was rather amusing to find out that the statue on top of the gate also has quite an interesting history and hasn't always faced in the direction it does now. After the Berlin wall was built, the GDR Government had the statue turned around as it didn't want it to face into West Berlin. They also replaced the emblem on the pole held by the statue to a hammer and sickle in true Soviet style. After the fall of the wall the statue was then turned around again to its original position and the hammer and sickle were also replaced.

Yet funnily enough, that's not the only thing that's been moved around in Berlin. At the other end of the avenue which ends at the Brandenburg Gate is a giant column with a golden victory angel on top of it. I'm not sure how high the column is but you can climb the stairs to the top and let me tell you from personal experience, I could feel everyone of the 268 steps it took! Originally the column was in a different location but Hitler didn't like that location so had the entire monument moved.
Right near the Brandenburg Gate is the Holocaust Memorial which consists of a large number of grey columns of different heights.

It's an interesting memorial not least because architecturally it's quite stricking to look at but also because if you didn't know that it served as a Holocaust memorial you'd have absolutely no idea what its purpose was.

Only a few hundred metres from the Holocaust memorial is the location of where Hitler's bunker was during WWII. You could easily miss the significance of the location as the only thing that lets you know what used to be there is a board on the footpath which has been erected in front of the apartment complex which now uses the site. (I`d love to know whether they highlight the history of the site when selling apartments- would that increase or decrease the price?)
Walking through the city I couldn't help but wonder what it must have looked like after the war, or even during the period of the Berlin Wall. While Berlin's history certainly is dramatic, it's good to see that it doesn't try to sweep it under the carpert but will confront it. For example, some buildings in the area of Berlin which used to be the old Jewish quarter have metal plates placed in front of the buildings. These plates state the names of the Jewish families who used to live in the apartments before they were deported to the concentration camps.
It is also interesting to see how some of the buildings have been recycled. For example, the building which used to function as the Gestapo headquarters during WWII (the Gestapo having been the much feared secret police of the Nazis) now houses a Government department similar to the taxation office- tax evasion in Germany is still treated very seriously!
As I walked around I also couldn't help trying to figure out whether I was in the old east or west Berlin. The actual path of the wall is marked by two rows of red bricks which trace their way through the city, so that was easy enough to look for. In different parts of the city they have left sections of the wall as a reminder. The largest section is called the East Side Gallery and stretches for about 1km. I must admit it was a rather surreal feeling to walk along the wall and think about what it must have been like to have been fenced in like that.

When you're away from the actual location of the wall the easiest thing to do is look at the traffic lights, or more specifically, the pedestrian crossings as the men were different in the east than they were in the west or what we're used to.
Although it has now been 17 years since the fall of the wall and the reunification of Germany, you still notice the division in the people not only in Berlin but all over Germany. I ended up spending much of my time in east Berlin basically because the people I had met all seemed to live there and I found the best bars there also! (Really, what other reason do I need?). When I spoke to the Berliners I had met, most of whom came from the GDR, it was interesting to find out that they hardly ever ventured into the western parts of the city and that many of them would not consider living there. Then again, I know of enough people who live in the inner west of Sydney who consider taking a packed lunch for any trip of the Bridge so maybe Berliners aren't that unique after all!
Due to the reunification and the fact that the GDR was not as advanced as West Germany, considerable amounts of money have had to be pumped both into East Berlin and East Germany. While this may not be the only reason for it, but the reality is that Berlin as a city is broke. This has led the mayor to declare that Berlin is 'arm, aber sexy' which means that it's poor but sexy. As could be expected, this has now been printed on anything from T-Shirts to placemats and I guess, in its own way, has led to money coming back into the purse- at least for the shopkeepers selling them by the dozens to the tourists!
I did get a chance to visit a family apartment in a suburb of East Berlin which is about a 15-20 minutes train ride from the centre of town. When I was there I got a better understanding of differences that still exist between the two areas when looking at the streets and the concrete rendering falling off, or having fallen off, large sections of the walls to expose the bricks underneath. Even now there are still buildings in the easter parts where you can see bullet marks from WWII.
During the GDR era shops often did not have enough stock to meet the demand. For example, the average waiting period for a Trabant which was the make of car produced in the GDR was 16 years! Going into a shop and simply buying what you wanted wasn't as easy as it seems as most of the time there simply wasn't enough (or any) stock. Secretaries often only worked half a day as there wasn't any paper on which to type on in the afternoon.
Yet lack of goods was not the only problem of the GDR probably just as big a problem, or possibly even worse, was the amount of secret surveillance that was carried out by the secret police, the Stasi. I did find a funny example of the Stasi gone mad, in my mind, in the Stasi museum. The Stasi had secret agents who would work in the Post Office. These agents were put in place to screen the mail that was being sent and received by GDR citizens. In the Museum, they have a stack of postcards on display which people had tried to send to the GDR. For whatever reason, these were considered inappropriate and never arrived. But, never missing an opportunity to make money, the stamps on these postcards would be cut out, sold back to a West German company who would remove the stamps and resell them. Recycling gone mad if you ask me!
Then again another extreme example of recycling are the remains of a train station in Berlin. The Anhalter Bahnhof as it's called, was left largely untouched by WWII and from the pictures looked quite beautiful. Nevertheless, in the 1950's, someone needed bricks and made an offer on those in the train station. The price must have been right because they blew it up to reuse the bricks and now the only thing left is the front!

Well, I'd like to say that Berlin was simply about the history of the city and museums but I'd be lying. There certainly was quite a lot of partying also! (Made for a nice change from the rest of my Europe trip! :-)). Whatever it is that your after, chances are you'll find it in Berlin. Dad and I managed to see Cabaret (as made famous by Liza Minelli) one night he was there and a musical cabaret-style show another. I also went to see some live music which was also great. And then of course there were the bars and the clubs and what fun they were. I did go to one amazing party which was being held in an abandoned villa. It seems like this house holds parties every couple of months. All they've done is installed a couple of bars, hooked up some lights and thrown in some old chairs and pretty much nothing else. The wallpaper hangs off the walls and the paint has faded to almost nothing but it was an awesome venue and great party (And yes, it was perfectly legal).
Then again, this isn't so out of the ordinary for Berlin. There is also a large squatting culture in Berlin where artists simply move into abandoned or empty buildings and set up shop. Some of these buildings will then hold art exhibitions or dance parties. It seems that the Government will either turn a blind eye and let them live there, or they will require them to pay some marginal amount of rent. If the building is needed, or it is being torn down, the squatters will either try to make the arrangement more legal to remain there, or they simply move on to another one!
Well, all in all I had a great time in Berlin and yes, there are more stories but none which I'll share at this point in time! ;-)